What Happens If Chat Control Forces Us to New Platforms?

I came across a thought-provoking discussion recently about the potential impact of the EU's proposed Chat Control legislation. The core question: If end-to-end encryption (E2EE) is significantly weakened or message scanning becomes mandatory, where do people actually go? This got me thinking deeply about the future of online privacy and the practical choices individuals will face.

Let’s break down the potential scenarios and consider the realistic options for those who prioritize secure communication.

The Chat Control Dilemma

For those unfamiliar, Chat Control (as it's often called) refers to proposals aimed at combating online child sexual abuse material (CSAM). While the goal is undeniably crucial, the methods being considered raise serious concerns about privacy. The potential weakening of E2EE or the implementation of client-side scanning could fundamentally alter the security landscape of messaging apps.

The implications are profound: reduced privacy for all users, potential for abuse by governments or malicious actors, and a chilling effect on free speech. This is why the question of alternative platforms is so important.

Potential User Migration Paths

Let’s consider the main options for users seeking to maintain their privacy in a post-Chat Control world:

1. Sticking with WhatsApp/Telegram

Likelihood: Surprisingly high for the average user.

Why: Inertia, network effects, and convenience are powerful forces. Most people aren't deeply concerned about privacy, or they don't understand the technical implications of weakened encryption. They'll likely continue using the most popular platforms, even with reduced security.

My Take: This is the most likely outcome for the majority. The convenience of existing networks will outweigh privacy concerns for many. However, a significant minority will seek alternatives.

2. Signal and Similar Pulling Out of the EU

Likelihood: Possible, but complex.

Why: Maintaining E2EE and user privacy is core to Signal's mission. Complying with Chat Control would fundamentally compromise their values. Pulling out of the EU would be a drastic step, but it's not impossible.

Challenges: Leaving the EU market would be a significant loss for Signal. It would also create a fragmented communication landscape, making it harder for people to connect across borders. Furthermore, even if Signal pulls out, EU users could still potentially access it via VPNs or other means, creating a cat-and-mouse game.

My Take: I think Signal would fight tooth and nail to avoid complying. A full withdrawal is a last resort, but it's a possibility if there's no other option to protect user privacy. This scenario highlights the need for clear and consistent global standards on encryption.

3. Moving to Smaller/Self-Hosted/Federated Platforms

Likelihood: Increasing, but still niche.

Why: These platforms offer greater control over data and security. They are often built with privacy in mind from the ground up. The challenge is that they typically lack the network effects and user-friendliness of mainstream apps.

Examples:

• Matrix/Element: A decentralized communication protocol and its flagship client. Offers E2EE, federation, and open-source code.
• XMPP: An older, established federated protocol for instant messaging. Many clients and servers are available.
• Self-hosted solutions (e.g., Nextcloud Talk): Allows users to host their own communication server, giving them complete control over their data.
• Briar: A peer-to-peer encrypted messaging app designed for use in high-risk environments.

My Take: This is where I see the most potential for long-term growth. While these platforms may not become mainstream overnight, they offer a viable alternative for privacy-conscious users. The key is to improve usability and make them more accessible to a wider audience. Federated platforms like Matrix also offer the advantage of interoperability, allowing users to communicate across different servers.

Deep Dive into Alternative Platforms

Let's examine some specific alternatives in more detail:

Matrix/Element

Pros:

• Decentralized: No central authority controls the network.
• Federated: Users can choose their own server or run their own.
• Open Source: The code is publicly available for review.
• End-to-End Encryption: Uses the Matrix Encryption Protocol (Olm and Megolm) for secure communication.
• Bridges: Can connect to other messaging platforms, such as Telegram and WhatsApp (though these bridges may not always be fully private).

Cons:

• Complexity: Setting up and managing a Matrix server can be technically challenging.
• User Interface: Element's UI can be overwhelming for new users.
• Resource Usage: Can be resource-intensive, especially on mobile devices.

My Take: Matrix is a powerful and promising platform, but it needs to become more user-friendly to attract a wider audience. The decentralized nature of the network is a major advantage, as it makes it more resistant to censorship and surveillance.

XMPP

Pros:

• Established Protocol: XMPP has been around for many years and is well-tested.
• Federated: Users can choose from a variety of servers.
• Open Standards: XMPP is based on open standards, promoting interoperability.
• Many Clients: A wide range of XMPP clients are available for different platforms.

Cons:

• Encryption: While XMPP supports encryption, it's not always enabled by default and can be complex to configure.
• Feature Set: XMPP's feature set may be limited compared to more modern messaging platforms.
• Discoverability: Finding and connecting with other users can be challenging.

My Take: XMPP is a solid choice for users who value privacy and interoperability, but it requires some technical knowledge to set up and use securely. The lack of default encryption is a significant drawback.

Self-Hosted Solutions (Nextcloud Talk)

Pros:

• Complete Control: Users have complete control over their data and server.
• Privacy: Data is stored on the user's own server, reducing the risk of third-party access.
• Integration: Can be integrated with other self-hosted services, such as Nextcloud Files and Calendar.

Cons:

• Technical Expertise: Setting up and maintaining a self-hosted server requires significant technical expertise.
• Responsibility: Users are responsible for the security and maintenance of their server.
• Limited Network Effects: Users can only communicate with others who are also using the same self-hosted solution.

My Take: Self-hosting is the ultimate privacy solution, but it's not for everyone. It requires a high level of technical skill and a willingness to take on significant responsibility. However, for those who are willing to put in the effort, it offers unparalleled control over their data.

Briar

Pros:

• Peer-to-Peer: Messages are transmitted directly between devices, without relying on central servers.
• End-to-End Encryption: Uses strong encryption to protect messages.
• Metadata Protection: Designed to minimize metadata leakage.
• Resistant to Censorship: Difficult to block or censor due to its decentralized nature.

Cons:

• Limited Availability: Currently only available on Android.
• Small User Base: The user base is relatively small, limiting network effects.
• Battery Usage: Can consume more battery power than centralized messaging apps.

My Take: Briar is a niche platform designed for high-risk environments where censorship and surveillance are major concerns. Its peer-to-peer architecture and strong focus on metadata protection make it a valuable tool for activists, journalists, and others who need to communicate securely.

The Importance of DNS in a Privacy-Focused World

As users migrate to alternative platforms, the role of DNS becomes even more critical for maintaining privacy. A privacy-respecting DNS service can prevent your internet service provider (ISP) from tracking your online activity and can also block malicious domains.

Here are some DNS options to consider:

• NextDNS: As mentioned previously, NextDNS offers customizable blocklists and detailed analytics, allowing you to control exactly what gets blocked. It's an excellent choice for privacy-conscious users.
• AdGuard DNS: AdGuard DNS provides good default blocklists and is very easy to set up. It's a good option for users who want a simple and effective privacy solution.
• Quad9: Quad9 focuses on security and blocks malware domains. It's a good choice for users who prioritize security over ad blocking.
• Cloudflare 1.1.1.1: Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 is extremely fast and privacy-focused. It's a good option for users who want a fast and reliable DNS service.

Using a VPN in conjunction with a privacy-respecting DNS service can provide an additional layer of protection. A VPN encrypts your internet traffic and masks your IP address, making it more difficult for third parties to track your online activity.

My Personal Approach

If Chat Control were to become a reality, I would personally prioritize moving to a combination of solutions:

1. Matrix/Element: For everyday communication with those willing to switch. The decentralized nature and E2EE are essential.
2. Briar: For sensitive communication where metadata protection is paramount.
3. Self-hosted Nextcloud Talk: For internal team communication and file sharing, to maintain complete control over data.
4. NextDNS: As my primary DNS resolver, configured with aggressive blocklists to minimize tracking and ads.
5. VPN: Used selectively when connecting to untrusted networks or when additional privacy is needed.

I recognize that this is a more complex setup than simply using WhatsApp, but it reflects my commitment to privacy and security.

The Path Forward

The future of online privacy is uncertain, but it's clear that users need to be proactive in protecting their data. By understanding the risks and exploring alternative platforms, we can create a more secure and private online world.

Ultimately, the success of these alternative platforms depends on user adoption. We need to educate others about the importance of privacy and encourage them to switch to more secure solutions. It's a collective effort, but it's one that's worth fighting for.

Furthermore, supporting organizations that advocate for privacy and digital rights is crucial. By donating to these organizations and raising awareness about privacy issues, we can help shape the future of the internet. The fight for privacy is not over, and we all have a role to play.

Ready to improve your mobile privacy? Explore our setup guides for easy instructions on setting up secure DNS and more.